With the world’s population rapidly increasing, the construction of tall buildings has become a necessity in order to achieve high-density development.
The definition of a tall building is not absolute since for a building to be considered to be tall, there are several factors to be considered, such as the proportion of a building’s base to its height, and the height of the building in relation to the height of other buildings in the same area.
Tall buildings which achieve significant heights are further classified into two subgroups: a “supertall” building, which is a tall building that is either 300m or taller, and a “megatall” building, which is a tall building that is either 600m or taller.
Understanding the tallest buildings in the world
There is no absolute definition of a tall building. A building is defined as tall differently in different scenarios and jurisdictions.
Furthermore, there are several factors to be considered when labeling a building as tall. These factors include the proportion of a building’s base to its height, and the height of the building in relation to the height of other buildings in the same area.
Quick facts about tall buildings:
- Tall buildings, also known as high-rise buildings were able to be constructed after the invention of the elevator.
- A high-rise building which is very tall is known as a skyscraper.
- The first skyscraper was constructed in Chicago and was completed in 1885.
Factors influencing the height of tall buildings
Restrictions/limitations
Several countries have laws that restrict the maximum height of structures. There are several reasons for these restrictions. The restrictions can be due to enhance air travel safety, the protection of historic skylines and to maintain the views of natural features such as mountains.
Technology
Advancement in technology has greatly influenced the explosive growth of the skyscraper industry, especially in the last 20 years. Technological advancement has led to the development of new techniques and equipment which are used in the construction industry, making construction of taller buildings much easier.
Construction techniques
In recent times, there has been the development of new construction techniques which have revolutionized the skyscraper construction industry. These techniques include the use of tube frames instead of conventional steel frames during construction.
Weather
Weather plays a very crucial role in influencing the height of skyscrapers. Weather elements such as the horizontal force of wind, which increases with increase in altitude, causes very tall buildings to sway, and sometimes the occupants of the building feel the swaying.
Location
Another factor which influences the height of tall buildings is the location. In some locations, the geological structure of the area may prove unsuitable for the construction of tall structures. The construction of tall buildings in open areas is also ill-advised since there will be no wind resistance from other tall structures.
The below video takes a deeper look into this, and discusses the technological, structural and construction advancements that were developed through time to enable the the current tallest building in the world to be built, The Burj Khalifa.
Benefits of tall buildings
There are several benefits to building tall buildings:
- Maximizing use of space: Tall buildings allow for more efficient use of land by utilizing vertical space instead of spreading out horizontally. This is especially important in urban areas where land is limited and expensive.
- Increased density: Tall buildings allow for greater population density, which can lead to more economic activity and social interaction. This can contribute to a more vibrant and dynamic urban environment.
- Reduced urban sprawl: By building up instead of out, tall buildings can help limit urban sprawl and preserve natural and agricultural areas on the outskirts of cities.
- Energy efficiency: Tall buildings can be designed to be more energy-efficient than low-rise buildings, through the use of features such as efficient HVAC systems, natural ventilation, and solar panels.
- Iconic landmarks: Tall buildings can become iconic landmarks and symbols of a city or region, drawing visitors and contributing to the local economy.
- Safety: In earthquake-prone regions, tall buildings can be designed to withstand seismic activity and provide a safer environment for inhabitants.
- Enhanced views: Tall buildings offer panoramic views of the surrounding area, which can be a desirable feature for residents and visitors alike.
Overall, tall buildings can contribute to more efficient use of space, increased density, reduced urban sprawl, energy efficiency, safety, and enhanced views. However, there are also potential drawbacks such as shadowing and wind effects, and careful consideration must be given to the design and location of tall buildings.
Disadvantages of tall buildings
While there are several benefits to building tall buildings, there are also several potential disadvantages:
- Cost: Tall buildings can be significantly more expensive to construct than low-rise buildings, due to the need for stronger foundations, more robust structural systems, and specialized construction equipment.
- Shadowing: Tall buildings can cast shadows over surrounding areas, reducing access to sunlight and potentially impacting the livability of nearby buildings and public spaces.
- Wind effects: Tall buildings can create wind tunnels and vortexes, which can cause discomfort and safety issues for pedestrians and cyclists.
- Structural safety: Tall buildings are more susceptible to damage from earthquakes, windstorms, and other natural disasters, and require more sophisticated structural systems to ensure safety.
- Energy consumption: Tall buildings require more energy to operate, including for heating, cooling, and lighting, which can have a significant environmental impact.
- Social isolation: High-density living in tall buildings can lead to social isolation and reduced community cohesion, as residents may be less likely to interact with each other than in lower-density neighborhoods.
- Aesthetic impact: Tall buildings can have a significant aesthetic impact on the surrounding area, potentially detracting from the character of the neighborhood or city.
- Oscillation: Most tall buildings experience constant oscillations which may cause the residents of the building to feel nauseated
How are tall buildings ranked?
The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), an international non-profit organization founded in 1969, is responsible for designating the “World’s Tallest Building” and establishing the criteria for measuring buildings.
It maintains a list of the top 100 tallest completed buildings globally, currently led by the Burj Khalifa in Dubai at 828 meters (2,717 feet). However, the CTBUH only acknowledges buildings that are finished, and some included on this list are not recognized as such.
In 1996, the CTBUH categorized buildings into four groups to resolve the controversy over whether the Petronas Towers or the Sears Tower was taller. These groups are height to the architectural or structural top, height to the highest occupied floor, height to the roof (which was later removed as a category in 2009), and height to any part of the building.
All categories measure the building from the level of the lowest significant open-air pedestrian entrance.
Spires are considered an integral part of a building’s architectural design, and their alteration would significantly affect the building’s appearance and design. Antennas, on the other hand, can be added or removed without such consequences.
As a result, the Petronas Towers with their spires rank higher than the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers having lower roofs and lower highest points.
Before 1996, the tallest building in the world was defined by the height to the top of the tallest architectural element, including spires but not antennae.
The tallest possible building
The tallest building today is the Burj Khalifa, standing at an impressive 828m. But this is not the tallest structure humans can construct. Hypothetically, humans can construct structures which are much taller.
Currently, the tallest building ever designed is the X-Seed 4000, which is still a concept, but the blueprints have already been completed.
If constructed, the structure would be 4000m tall, as tall as Mt Fuji and the base would have to be 6 km across. The structure would be able to house 1 million people.
The World’s next tallest Building
The current world’s tallest building is the Burj Khalifa, which is located in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. However, the construction of a skyscraper which will be taller than Burj Khalifa is underway in northern Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The skyscraper is called the Jeddah Tower.
Jeddah Tower is expected to be the first building to reach a height of 1000 m (1 km). The building is to be the centerpiece of a development project known as the Jeddah Economic City. The building is expected to have 200 floors.
Tallest buildings in the world
Burj Khalifa, United Arab Emirates – 828m
The Burj Khalifa, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is the tallest building in the world. It is 828m tall and has a floor count of 154+9 maintenance. The construction of Burj Khalifa took 5 years and was completed in 2009.
The Shanghai Tower is not only tallest building in China but also the second tallest building in the world. It stands at 632m and has 121 floors. The construction of the Shanghai Tower took 6 years and was completed in 2014.
Makkah Royal Clock Tower, Saudi Arabia – 601m
The Makkah Royal Clock Tower of Saudi Arabia is the third tallest building in the world. It stands at 601m. It has a hotel with 120 floors as well as a conference center, a prayer room with a capacity of 10000 people, and an Islamic museum.
Ping An International Finance Centre, China – 555m
The Ping An International Finance Centre is located in Shenzen, China. It is the fourth tallest building in the world, standing 555m tall and having 115 floors. The building features a conference center, hotel, and high-end retail spaces
Lotte World Tower, South Korea – 554.5m
The Lotte World Tower is located in Seoul, South Korea. It is the fifth tallest building in the world and its construction was completed in 2016. It is 554.5m tall and has 123 floors, six of which are underground.
One World Trade Center, United States – 541.3m
The One World Trade Center is not only the tallest building in New York City but also in the United States. It stands 541.3m tall and has 104 stories. The One World Trade Center was built in the commemoration of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, China – 530m
The Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre in Guangzhou, China, is the seventh tallest building in the world together with the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre, also in China. The building houses offices, a shopping mall, and a hotel.
Tianjin CTF Finance Centre, China – 530m
The Tianjin CTF Finance Centre in Tianjin, China, holds the joint position of the 7th tallest building in the world with the Guangzhou CTF Centre, also in China. It is 530m tall and has 97 floors dedicated to mixed use.
The China Zun is located in the Central Business District of Beijing, China. It is in its final stages of construction and is estimated to be completed in late 2019. The 108-storey, 528m building is the 9th tallest building in the world.
Standing at 508m tall, Taipei 101 is currently the tenth tallest building in the world. Just as the name suggests, the building has 101 stories. For six years, it was the world’s tallest building before being surpassed by Dubai’s Burj Khalifa
The tallest buildings in the United States
One World Trade Center, New York City – 541m
The One World Trade Center is currently the tallest building in the United States. It is located in New York City. It is 541m tall and has 104 stories. It was built in the commemoration of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and it was completed in 2014.
The Willis Tower is located in Chicago. It is the tallest skyscraper in Chicago. It is also the second tallest building in the United States. Upon its completion in 1974, it was the tallest building in the world. It is 443m tall and has 110 floors.
432 Park Avenue, New York City – 426m
432 Park Avenue is the second tallest building in New York City. It is also the third tallest skyscraper in the United States. It is 426m tall and has 96 floors. Its construction was completed in 2015.
Trump International Hotel and Tower, Chicago – 423m
The Trump International Hotel and Tower is the second tallest skyscraper in Chicago. It is also the fourth tallest building in the United States. It has a height of 423m and 98 floors. Its construction was completed in 2009.
30 Hudson Yards, New York City – 387m
The 30 Hudson Yards is the third tallest building in New York. It is also the fifth tallest skyscraper in the United States. It has a height of 387m and has 73 floors. The construction of 30 Hudson Yards was completed in 2019.
Tallest buildings in Chicago
The Willis Tower is located in Chicago. It is the tallest skyscraper in Chicago. It is also the second tallest building in the United States. Upon its completion in 1974, it was the tallest building in the world. It is 443m tall and has 110 floors.
Trump International Hotel and Tower- 423m
The Trump International Hotel and Tower is the second tallest building in Chicago. It stands at a height of 423m and has 98 floors. It was completed in 2009.
The Aon Center is the third tallest building in Chicago. It has a height of 346m and has 83 floors. Upon its completion in 1973, it overtook the John Hancock Center to become the tallest building in Chicago.
John Hancock Center – 344m
The John Hancock Center, also known as 872 North Michigan Avenue, is the fourth tallest building Chicago. It has a height of 344m and has 100 floors. It was constructed in 1969 and was the tallest building in Chicago at the time.
The Franklin Center is the fifth tallest building in Chicago. It was formerly known as the AT&T Corporate Center. It has a height of 307m and has 61 floors. Its construction was completed in 1989.
The tallest buildings in New York City
The One World Trade Center is not only the tallest building in New York City but also the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. It has a height of 541m and has 104 floors. Its construction was completed in 2014
432 Park Avenue is the second tallest building in New York City. Having a height of 426m and 96 floors, it is the tallest residential building in the world and the third tallest building in the United States. It was completed in 2015.
30 Hudson Yards is the third tallest building in New York City. It has a height of 387m and has 101 floors. It has the second highest number of floors in New York. The construction of 30 Hudson Yards was completed in 2019.
The Empire State Building is the fourth tallest building in New York City. It was built in 1931, during the great depression. With a height of 381m and 103 floors, it was the tallest building in the world at the time until 1972.
The Bank of America Tower is the fifth tallest building in New York City. It has a height of 366m and has 54 floors. It is the first skyscraper to receive a Platinum LEED certification. The Bank of America Tower was completed in 2009.
The tallest buildings in San Francisco
The Salesforce Tower is the tallest building in San Francisco. It is the 11th tallest building in the United States and the 2nd tallest in California. It has a height of 326m and has 61 floors. Its construction was completed in 2017.
The Transamerica Pyramid is the second tallest building in San Francisco. Upon its completion in 1972, it was the tallest building in San Francisco until the construction of Salesforce Tower. It has a height of 260m and has 48 floors.
181 Fremont is the third tallest skyscraper in San Francisco. It 2nd tallest is the 2nd tallest mixed-use residential building in the western United States. It has a height of 245m and has 56 floors. Its construction was completed in 2017.
555 California Street is the fourth tallest building in San Francisco. Upon its completion in 1969, it was the tallest building in the West Coast. It was formerly known as Bank of America Center. It has a height of 237m and has 52 floors.
345 California Center is the fifth tallest building in San Francisco. It is also the tallest mid-block skyscraper in San Francisco. It has a height of 220m and has 48 floors. Its construction was completed in 1986.
The tallest buildings in Seattle
The Columbia Center is the tallest building in Seattle and the 29th tallest building in the United States. It has a height of 286m and has 76 floors. Its construction was completed in 1985.
1201 Third Avenue is the second tallest building in Seattle. It has a height of 235m and has 55 floors. Its construction was completed in 1988
The Two Union Square is the third tallest building in Seattle. It has a height of 226m and has 56 floors. The construction of the Two Union Square was completed in 1989.
Seattle Municipal Tower – 220m
The Seattle Municipal Tower is the fourth tallest building in Seattle. It has a height of 220m and has 57 floors. The construction of the Seattle Municipal Tower was completed in 1990.
The F5 tower is the fifth tallest skyscraper in Seattle. It has a height of 201m and has 43 floors. Its construction was completed in 2017.
The tallest buildings in Boston
The John Hancock Tower is the tallest skyscraper in Boston. It has been the tallest building in Boston and New England since its construction in 1976. It has a height of 241m and has a total of 60 floors.
The Prudential Tower is the second tallest building in Boston. Upon its completion in 1964, it was the tallest building in Boston until the construction of the John Hancock tower. It has a height of 228m and has 52 floors.
Four Seasons Hotel & Private Residences, One Dalton Street – 226m
The Four Seasons Hotel & Private Residences, One Dalton Street is the third tallest building in Boston. With a height of 226m, it is the tallest building built in Boston since 1976. Its construction was completed in 2019.
The Millennium Tower is the fourth tallest building in Boston. It is the tallest residential building in Boston, with a height of 209 floors. It has 60 floors. The construction of the Millennium Tower was completed in 2016.
Federal Reserve Bank Building – 187 m
The Federal Reserve Bank Building is the fifth tallest building in Boston. It is the tallest building in Boston’s Financial District. It has a height of 187m and has 32 floors. Its construction was completed in 1976.
The tallest buildings in Canada (Toronto)
First Canadian Place, Toronto – 298.1m
The First Canadian Place is the tallest building in Canada. It is located in Toronto. It is 298.1m tall and has 72 floors. The First Canadian Place was constructed in 1975.
The St.Regis Toronto, Toronto – 276.9m
The St. Regis Toronto is the second tallest building in Canada. It is also located in Toronto. It has a height of 276.9m and has 57 floors. The construction of The ST. Regis Toronto was completed in 2012.
The Scotia Plaza is the third tallest building in Canada. It is located in Toronto. It has a height of 275m and has 68 floors. The construction of the Scotia Plaza was completed in 1988.
Aura is the fourth tallest building in Canada. It is also found in Toronto. It has a height of 271.9m and has 78 floors. The construction of Aura was completed in 2014.
TD Canada Trust Tower, Toronto – 260.9m
The TD Canada Trust Tower is the fifth tallest building in Canada. It is located in Toronto. It has a height of 260.9m and has 53 floors. The construction of the TD Canada Trust Tower was completed in 1990.
The tallest buildings in London
The Shard is not only the tallest building in London but also the tallest building in the United Kingdom. Having a height of 310m and 87 floors, it is also the tallest building in the EU. Construction of the Shard was completed in 2012.
22 Bishopsgate is the second tallest building in London. It has a height of 278m and has 62 floors. The construction of 22 Bishopsgate was completed in 2019.
The One Canada Square is the third tallest building in London. It has a height of 236m and has 50 floors. Construction of One Canada Square was completed in 1991. It is the tallest building in the Canary Wharf business district.
110 Bishopsgate is the fourth tallest building in London. It has a height of 230m and has 46 floors. Construction of 110 Bishopsgate was completed in 2011. It has a roof height of 202 m but has a mast which is 28 m long.
122 Leadenhall Street is the fifth tallest building in London. It has a height of 225m and has 46 floors. Its construction was completed in 2014.
The tallest buildings in Europe
Lakhta Center, Russia – 462.5m
The Lakhta Center, which is located in St. Petersburg, Russia, is not only the tallest building in Russia but also the whole of Europe. It has a height of 462.5m and has 87 floors. Construction of Lakhta Center was completed in 2017.
Federation Tower: East Tower, Russia – 373.7m
The Federation Tower: East Tower, which is located in Moscow, Russia, is the tallest building in Moscow and the second tallest building in Russia and the whole of Europe. It is 373.7m tall and has 95 floors. It was completed in 2016.
OKO: South Tower, Russia – 354.1m
OKO: South Tower, which is located in Moscow, Russia, is the third tallest skyscraper in Europe and Russia. It is also the second tallest building in Moscow. It has a height of 354.1m and has 85 floors. It was completed in 2015.
Mercury City Tower, Russia – 338.8m
The Mercury City Tower, which is located in Moscow, Russia, is the fourth tallest building in the whole of Europe and Russia. It is also the third tallest skyscraper in Moscow. It has a height of 338.8m and has 75 floors.
The Shard, United Kingdom – 309.7m
The Shard, which is located in London, United Kingdom, is the fifth tallest building in the whole of Europe. It is the tallest skyscraper in London and the whole of the EU. It has a height of 309.7m and has 87 floors.
Tallest buildings in the world under construction
Architects have been exploring the skyscraper typology for decades in response to the global challenges of dense cities and the inability to accommodate the world’s 7.8 billion population living and working in congested urban areas. One of the approaches is integrating commercial spaces and public amenities within residential buildings to offer tenants an all-inclusive experience.
Every year, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH ranks the world’s tallest buildings, including completed projects, those under construction, and proposed ones. Below is a list of the 14 tallest buildings in the world currently under construction, along with their expected completion dates.
Despite the numerous solutions skyscrapers present for urban challenges, several government officials worldwide have begun implementing regulations against their construction, citing their negative impacts on pedestrians, animals, and the environment.
For instance, residents of NYC’s 432 Park Avenue are suing project developers for $125 million in damages due to “multiple floods, faulty elevators, “intolerable” noise caused by building sway, and an electrical explosion in June,” according to The New York Times.
Similar stories have been shared from London and China, but skyscrapers continue to rise.
| RANK | NAME | CITY | COMPLETION | STATUS | HEIGHT | FLOORS | MATERIAL | FUNCTION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Merdeka 118 | Kuala Lumpur | 2023 | AT | 678.9 m / 2,227 ft | 118 | Concrete-Steel Composite | Hotel / Serviced Apartments / Office |
| 2 | Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center | Nanjing | 2025 | UC | 499.8 m / 1,640 ft | 102 | N/A | Hotel / Office |
| 3 | Suzhou Zhongnan Center | Suzhou | 2025 | UC | 499.2 m / 1,638 ft | 103 | Composite | Residential / Hotel / Office |
| 4 | HeXi Yuzui Tower A | Nanjing | 2025 | UC | 498.8 m / 1,636 ft | 85 | N/A | Office |
| 5 | Fuyuan Zhongshan 108 IFC | Zhongshan | 2029 | UC | 498 m / 1,634 ft | 108 | N/A | Hotel / SOHO / Office |
| 5 | China International Silk Road Center | Xi’an | 2025 | UC | 498 m / 1,634 ft | 101 | Concrete-Steel Composite | Hotel / Office |
| 7 | Tianfu Center | Chengdu | 2026 | UC | 488.9 m / 1,604 ft | 95 | N/A | Office / Exhibition |
| 8 | North Bund Tower | Shanghai | 2026 | UC | 480 m / 1,575 ft | N/A | N/A | Office |
| 9 | Wuhan Greenland Center | Wuhan | 2023 | AT | 475.6 m / 1,560 ft | 101 | Concrete-Steel Composite | Hotel / Serviced Apartments / Office |
| 10 | Wuhan CTF Finance Center | Wuhan | 2029 | UC | 475 m / 1,558 ft | 84 | Composite | Office |
| 11 | Fosun Bund Center T1 | Wuhan | N/A | UC | 470 m / 1,542 ft | N/A | N/A | Hotel / Office |
| 12 | Chengdu Greenland Tower | Chengdu | 2024 | UC | 468 m / 1,535 ft | 101 | Concrete-Steel Composite | Hotel / Office |
| 13 | Guohua Financial Center Tower 1 | Wuhan | N/A | UC | 465 m / 1,526 ft | 79 | N/A | Office |
| 14 | International Land-Sea Center | Chongqing | 2024 | AT | 458.2 m / 1,503 ft | 98 | Concrete-Steel Composite | Hotel / Office |
World’s tallest modular building
The Clement Canopy buildings in Singapore built by construction company Bouygues Batiment International, was completed in 2019 and is the worlds tallest building to be constructed from modular construction,.
Manufactured off-site, and made up of 1899 off-site concrete modules, the housing project stands at 40 stories tall, in the heart of a residential and student district in Singapore. The two towers each measure 459 feet, and contain 505 luxury residential apartments are the tallest ever to be built in modular concrete.
More information on this project here
FAQ’s about the tallest buildings in the world
What are the top 20 tallest building?
As of March, 2023, here are the top 20 tallest buildings in the world:
- Burj Khalifa – 828 m (2,717 ft) – Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Shanghai Tower – 632 m (2,073 ft) – Shanghai, China
- Abraj Al Bait Clock Tower – 601 m (1,971 ft) – Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Ping An Finance Center – 599 m (1,965 ft) – Shenzhen, China
- Lotte World Tower – 555 m (1,819 ft) – Seoul, South Korea
- Goldin Finance 117 – 530 m (1,739 ft) – Tianjin, China
- Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre – 530 m (1,739 ft) – Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin CTF Finance Centre – 530 m (1,739 ft) – Tianjin, China
- CITIC Tower – 528 m (1,732 ft) – Beijing, China
- TAIPEI 101 – 508 m (1,667 ft) – Taipei, Taiwan
- Shanghai World Financial Center – 492 m (1,614 ft) – Shanghai, China
- International Commerce Centre – 484 m (1,588 ft) – Hong Kong, China
- Petronas Towers – 451.9 m (1,483 ft) – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Zifeng Tower – 450 m (1,476 ft) – Nanjing, China
- Guangzhou International Finance Center – 438 m (1,435 ft) – Guangzhou, China
- Suzhou IFS – 450 m (1,476 ft) – Suzhou, China
- The Exchange 106 – 445 m (1,460 ft) – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Wuhan Center – 438 m (1,437 ft) – Wuhan, China
- Empire State Building – 381 m (1,250 ft) – New York City, United States
- Al Hamra Tower – 412 m (1,352 ft) – Kuwait City, Kuwait
Note that this list may change as new buildings are completed or planned in the future.
What building has over 100 floors?
There are several buildings in the world with over 100 floors, including:
- Burj Khalifa – 163 floors – Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Shanghai Tower – 128 floors – Shanghai, China
- Abraj Al Bait Clock Tower – 120 floors – Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Ping An Finance Center – 115 floors – Shenzhen, China
- Lotte World Tower – 123 floors – Seoul, South Korea
- Goldin Finance 117 – 117 floors – Tianjin, China
- Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre – 111 floors – Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin CTF Finance Centre – 98 floors – Tianjin, China
- CITIC Tower – 108 floors – Beijing, China
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is currently the tallest building in the world, with 163 floors, while the Shanghai Tower in China is the second tallest, with 128 floors.
What will be the tallest building in 2027?
It’s difficult to say with certainty which building will be the tallest in 2027 as there are many tall buildings currently under construction, and it’s possible that new projects could be announced in the coming years that surpass the current tallest buildings. However, as of now, the tallest building scheduled to be completed in 2027 is the Kingdom Tower in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, which is expected to be over 1,000 meters (3,281 feet) tall.
